Linear-time Online Action Detection From 3D Skeletal Data Using Bags of Gesturelets

Sliding window is one direct way to extend a successful recognition system to handle the more challenging detection problem. While action recognition decides only whether or not an action is present in a pre-segmented video sequence, action detection identifies the time interval where the action occurred in an unsegmented video stream. Sliding window approaches for action detection can however be slow as they maximize a classifier score over all possible sub-intervals. Even though new schemes utilize dynamic programming to speed up the search for the optimal sub-interval, they require offline processing on the whole video sequence. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for online action detection based on 3D skeleton sequences extracted from depth data. It identifies the sub-interval with the maximum classifier score in linear time. Furthermore, it is invariant to temporal scale variations and is suitable for real-time applications with low latency

Enterprise extension through extensible markup language

An extended enterprise is comprised of multiple linkages between and amongst a company and its suppliers, distributors, customers and others. Linkages are long term collaborative agreements based on synergies and the ability to create value. An extended enterprise eliminates wasteful transaction costs and removes redundancies, delays and inefficiencies from the supply chain. This is accomplished through the coordination of demand forecasting, production planning, deployment and transportation as well as creating organizational and process links with seamless information flows between them. Extended enterprise is enabled by developments in technology, especially information technology. Sharing information about sales forecast, production schedules, inventory, etc. makes an extended enterprise a win/win situation. Extended enterprise networks have used information technology systems such as electronic data interchanges, enterprise resource planning, and the Internet with different degrees of success. The Integrated Manufacturing Technology Initiative has identified several information technology criteria as critical to the success of future enterprises. Based on these criteria, this paper discusses XML’s contribution to the extended enterprise paradigm. Dell’s direct sale model is used to illustrate the role of XML in enterprise extension.Una empresa extendida está compuesta de varios enlaces entre una compañía y sus proveedores, distribuidores, clientes y demás. Estas uniones son acuerdos a largo plazo basados en la sinergia y en la habilidad de crear valor. Una empresa extendida elimina los costes de transacción innecesarios y retira las redundancias, atrasos e ineficiencias de la cadena de suministros. Esto se consigue mediante la coordinación de la demanda, la planificación de la producción, desempleo y transporte así como crear procesos organizativos y enlaces con información que fluye a través de estas partes. Una empresa extendida es posible gracias al Desarrollo en tecnología, especialmente la de la información. Compartir información sobre las ventas, el calendario de producción, el inventario, etc, permite a la empresa situarse en una situación de beneficio. Sus redes de trabajo han empleado la tecnología de la información como intercambios de datos electrónicos, planificación de recursos, y el internet con diferentes grados de éxito. La Iniciativa Artesana de Tecnología Hecha a Mano ha identificado ciertos criterios que resultan críticos para el éxito de las siguientes operaciones y empresas. Basados en estos criterios, este artículo discute la contribución de XML al paradigma de las empresas extendidas. El modelo de ventas directo de Dell se utiliza para ilustrar el papel de XML a la extensión de empresas

Cress Seed (Lepidium sativum) Role in the healthy Processed Spread Cheese and Its Anti-Diabetic Activity

The present study dealt with utilization of cress seeds (Lepidium sativum) in the manufacture of processed spread cheese, instead of emulsifying salt. Cress seed have also health promoting properties especially lowering glucose ratios. Cress seeds powder were prepared and added with the ingredients during manufacture of processed spread cheese at levels of six ratios (0.05, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5%) compared with control (3% commercial emulsifying salt). The chemical, physical, microbiology and organoleptic properties of resultant samples were evaluated. Data revealed that processed spread cheese sample fortified with 3.5% cress seeds was the best either when fresh or during storage (8±2ºC for 3 months) and they had acceptable properties. Microstructure of processed cheese spread samples were also conducted. From nutritional view, processed cheese spread samples fortified with 3.5% cress seeds were used for feeding Adult male albino rats to study their effect on plasma glucose level. Obtained data indicated that the glucose level in plasma was significantly decreased (

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of grain sorghum variety Abu Timan

     أُجريت هذه التجربة الحقلية لموسمين زراعيين (2004/05، 2005/06) بالمزرعة الإيضاحية، كلية الزراعة أبو نعامة لمعرفة تأثير ثلاث مستويات من النتروجين على مؤشرات النمو والإنتاجية لصنف ماريق أبو تيمان (صنف محلي من غرب السودان). تمت مقارنة أبو تيمان مع صنفي قدم الحمام وود أحمد (أصناف مجازة). أظهرت الدراسة أن هنالك إختلافاً في الشكل الظاهري بين الأصناف الثلاثة .صنف أبو تيمان يتفوق في الطول (203سم) علي صنف قدم الحمام (111.4سم ) وصنف ود أحمد (111.3سم) . كما أن القنابات لصنف أبوتيمان تحتوي علي بذرتين بينما تحتوي علي بذرة وأحدة للصنفين الآخرين . من نتائج الدراسة تبين أن أبوتيمان متأخر في الأزهار بينما ود أحمد كان المبكر في الإزهار . كان عدد الأيام لـ 50% أزهار لكل من أبوتيمان ، قدم الحمام وود أحمد 86 ، 76 ، 73  علي التوالي . تأثير إضافة سماد النتروجين علي مؤشرات مكونات الإنتاج  - عدد البذور في القندول ووزن الألف بذرة والإنتاجية غير معنوي . أثبتت الدراسة أن الصنف قدم الحمام قد حقق أعلي إنتاجية (5.42 ، 6.55 طن/هـ) وماريق أبو تيمان في المرتبة الثانية بإنتاجية (4.99 ، 6.48 طن/هـ ) وفي المرتبة الأخيرة ود أحمد بإنتاجية (4.04 ،6.04 طن/هـ) في موسمي 2004/05 و2005/06مد بإنتاجية (4.اجية (بذور في القندول ووزن الألف بذرة والإنتاجية لم يكن معزياً . ، علي التوالي . إضافة 2N (86 كجم نتروجين/هـ) أدي إلي زيادة معنوية في إنتاجية أصناف الذرة الرفيعة الثلاثة في موسم (2005/06) . نتائج الدراسة توضح أن ماريق أبو تيمان له مقدره إنتاجية عالية. والتوصية بالمزيد من الدراسات لتحديد المعاملات الفلاحية المناسبة للحصول علي أعلي إنتاجية ممكنة

A novel optimized conical antenna array structure for back lobe cancellation of uniform concentric circular antenna arrays

In wireless communication systems, the existence of the antenna array back lobe represents a significant source of interference, which causes degradation of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), and power loss. In this paper, a novel optimized conical antenna array (O-CONAA) structure is proposed for back lobe cancellation of concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA). Based on the CAA, It is considered to be made up Of several concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA) which are placed in the X-Y plane. Firstly a non-optimized CONAA is constructed, by arranging these concentric CAAs with uniform vertical spacing along the Z-axis. Consequently, the CONAA seems to be treated as a combination between uniform CAAs and a linear antenna array (LAA). It has been noted that the CONAA radiation pattern has a back lobe amplitude the same as the main beam amplitude. The O-CONAA structure is suggested as a solution to this problem, which provides back lobe cancellation while maintaining the CONAA pattern characteristics like half power beamwidth (HPBW) side lobe level (SLL). The genetic algorithm(GA) approach is used in the O-CONAA structure to optimize the values of both CONAA inter-element spacing around the perimeter of each circle, and vertical spacing along the Z-axis to generate the desired radiation pattern

A novel optimized conical antenna array structure for back lobe cancellation of uniform concentric circular antenna arrays

In wireless communication systems, the existence of the antenna array back lobe represents a significant source of interference, which causes degradation of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), and power loss. In this paper, a novel optimized conical antenna array (O-CONAA) structure is proposed for back lobe cancellation of concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA). Based on the CAA, It is considered to be made up Of several concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA) which are placed in the X-Y plane. Firstly a non-optimized CONAA is constructed, by arranging these concentric CAAs with uniform vertical spacing along the Z-axis. Consequently, the CONAA seems to be treated as a combination between uniform CAAs and a linear antenna array (LAA). It has been noted that the CONAA radiation pattern has a back lobe amplitude the same as the main beam amplitude. The O-CONAA structure is suggested as a solution to this problem, which provides back lobe cancellation while maintaining the CONAA pattern characteristics like half power beamwidth (HPBW) side lobe level (SLL). The genetic algorithm(GA) approach is used in the O-CONAA structure to optimize the values of both CONAA inter-element spacing around the perimeter of each circle, and vertical spacing along the Z-axis to generate the desired radiation pattern

BER Performance Enhancement of MIMO Systems Using Hybrid Detection Techniques Based on Sphere Decoding

MIMO system is used in new communication systems to improve the bit error rate (BER), capacity, and the co-channel interference. In this paper, new hybrid detection techniques based on a combination between the sphere decoder (SD) and linear/non-linear detection techniques such as zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE), Vertical Bell Lab Layered Space Time (V-BLAST), and lattice reduction are introduced. These hybrid techniques are intended to improve the BER performance of MIMO system. The proposed techniques are mainly based on dividing the received signal matrix into two equal size halves. The first half of the received symbols is detected using the selected linear or non-linear detector and the second half is detected using SD as the first scenario. For the second scenario, the first half of the received symbols is detected using SD and the second half is detected using the selected linear or non-linear detector. Several simulations are carried out to verify the efficiency of the proposed techniques. The simulations results show that the proposed techniques provide better performance than the traditional ones

BER and Capacity/Spectral Efficiency Enhancement of MIMO Systems Using Digital Antenna Arrays Beamforming

Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) systems are of the most promising ones in the field of wireless communications as they provide high data rates and reduce the bit error rate (BER) using spatial multiplexing (SM) and diversity gain techniques, respectively. The deep review of MIMO systems shows that most of them are based on the utilization of uniform linear antennas (ULA) arrays. For further performance enhancement, a new digital array beamforming technique for linear antenna arrays optimization is introduced for both single-user and multi-user MIMO systems to achieve maximum gain. In our proposed technique, the antenna arrays are implemented for a higher gain by adjusting the feeding and the distance between the antenna elements. The modified mathematical model for our proposed digital array beamforming MIMO system has been derived and merged to the current linear detection techniques such as Maximum Likelihood (ML), Zero Forcing (ZF), and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE). The simulation results demonstrated the superiority of our proposed technique over the traditional MIMO systems in terms of BER and spectral efficiency (SE)